Style Guidelines for English Manuscripts

Chung Cheng Chinese Studies (《中正漢學研究》)

In facilitating the editorial process and maintaining a rigorous academic standards, the English manuscripts (in Chung Cheng Chinese Studies) has adopted a stylistic guide that is closely in line with that of the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies (HJAS) (based on the Chicago Manual of Style, Notes and bibliography system).

1. General Manuscript Format

• Formatting: Submit the manuscript in left-to-right horizontal format using Microsoft Word. The entire text—including the main text, footnotes, block quotations, appendices, and reference list—must be double-spaced in 12-point Times New Roman font.
• Margins & Alignment: Margins should be at least 1 inch (2.54 cm) on all sides. Align the text flush left and do not justify the right margin. Do not use automatic hyphenation.
• Order of Elements: The manuscript should be arranged in the following sequence:

• Title page (including English/Chinese article titles, abstracts of 150–300 words, and 5 keywords)
• Main text (with footnotes at the bottom of the page)
• Appendices (e.g., tables, figures, which must correspond to callouts in the text)
• References (Bibliography)

2. Section Headings and Numbering

Keep section headings brief (under 65 characters including spaces). Headings should use Headline-Style Capitalization (Title Case). To correspond with the journal's Chinese numbering system 1、(1)、A、(A), English manuscripts may number sections sequentially using I., A., 1., (a).

1. First-level heading

    (1) Second-level heading

         A. Third-level heading

             (a) Fourth-level heading

3. Paragraphs and Quotations

• Paragraphs: Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches (using the Tab key).
• Short Quotations: Direct quotations of 40 words or fewer should be integrated directly into the main text and enclosed in double quotation marks (" "). Use single quotation marks (' ') for quotations within a quotation.
• Block Quotations: Quotations exceeding 40 words should be set off as an independent block. Indent the entire block 0.5 inches from the left margin, keep it double-spaced, and do not use quotation marks.
• Translations: All non-English quotations must be translated into fluent English. Long strings of Chinese characters representing the original text should not be placed in the main body (except for poetry analysis); instead, provide the original text in the corresponding footnote if filological accuracy is necessary.

4. Punctuation, Romanization, and Characters

• Punctuation: Use American English spelling and punctuation (e.g., periods and commas go inside quotation marks; use the serial comma before "and"). Do not use abbreviations such as e.g., i.e., etc., or et seq. (use for example, that is, and so forth).
• Titles: Italicize the titles of books, journals, newspapers, and plays (replacing the Chinese bracket《 》). Use double quotation marks (" ") for titles of articles, book chapters, and unpublished dissertations (replacing Chinese 〈 〉).
• Romanization: Use Hanyu Pinyin (without tone marks) for Chinese, modified Hepburn for Japanese, and McCune-Reischauer for Korean. Italicize Asian terms that have not entered standard English dictionaries (e.g., qi, wen), but do not italicize proper nouns (places, dynasties, personal names).
• Chinese Characters: Provide Traditional Chinese characters (正體字) in the main text or footnotes only at the first occurrence of a name, term, or title, immediately following its romanization. Thereafter, use only the romanized form or the English translation. Use a standard font like PMingLiU (新細明體) for characters.

5. Footnote Principles

• Use bottom-of-page footnotes (not endnotes). Footnote numbers should be in Arabic numerals and formatted as superscript. In the text, the superscript footnote number must always be placed after all punctuation marks (including periods, commas, and quotation marks), both in standard sentences and block quotations.

6. Footnote Citation Styles

• When citing Asian-language materials, provide the author's romanized name followed by characters (on first use), then the romanized title followed by characters. Include publication details in parentheses. Do not translate publishers' names (e.g., use Zhonghua shuju, not Zhonghua Book Co.).

A. Books / Monographs

1. 1. Zhuang Yazhou 莊雅州, Xia xiaozheng xilun 夏小正析論 (Taipei: Wenshizhe chubanshe, 1985), 2.
   2. Mark Edward Lewis, Writing and Authority in Early China (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999), 5–10.

B. Articles, Book Chapters, and Dissertations

3. Zhu Jianing 竺家寧, "Bai Baoluo fushengmu xueshuo pingshu" 白保羅複聲母學說評述, Zhongguo xueshu niankan 中國學術年刊, no. 11 (1990), 243–58.
4. Joshua A. Fogel, "'Shanghai-Japan': The Japanese Residents' Association of Shanghai," Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 4 (2000), 927–50.
5. Yu Yingshi 余英時, "Qingdai sixiangshi de yige xin jieshi" 清代思想史的一個

新解釋, in Lishi yu sixiang 歷史與思想 (Taipei: Lianjing chuban shiye gongsi, 1976), 2–56.

6. Wu Hongyi 吳宏一, "Qingdai shixue yanjiu" 清代詩學研究 (PhD diss., National Taiwan University, 1973), 20.

C. Premodern / Classical Primary Sources For classical texts without chapter names, provide the version/edition details:

7. Sima Guang 司馬光 (1019–1086), Zizhi tongjian 資治通鑑 (ca. 12th century; Southern Song Ezhou reprint of Northern Song Longzhao edition), juan 2, p. 2a. For classical texts with chapter/poem names, enclose the chapter name in quotation marks:
8. Su Shi 蘇軾 (1037–1101), "Ji Zhang Ziye wen" 祭張子野文, in Su Shi wenji 蘇軾文集 (Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1986), juan 63, p. 943.

D. Newspapers and Web Sources

9. Yu Guofan 余國藩, "Xianzhi, junfu, chanzu—Di Bairui zhu Rujia de wenti shangque" 先知・君父・纏足—狄百瑞著《儒家的問題》商榷, trans. Li Shixue 李奭學, Zhongguo shibao 中國時報, May 20, 1993, sec. 39.
10. Note on Web Sources: For any online material, you must provide a stable URL and the date of access (if no publication date is available).

E. Subsequent Citations

Pertaining to subsequent citations: Do NOT use ibid., idem, op. cit., or loc. cit. For all subsequent citations of a previously cited work (whether sequential or non-sequential), use a short-form citation consisting of the author's surname, a shortened title, and the page number:

11. Wang Shumin 王叔岷, "Lun jiaoshi zhi nan" 論校詩之難, Taida Zhongwen xuebao 臺大中文學報, no. 3 (1989), 1.
12. Wang Shumin, "Lun jiaoshi zhi nan," 1. (Emphasize: not using 'ibid.')

(Note: If a specific primary text is cited frequently throughout the article, you may state in the first footnote that subsequent citations will appear in parentheses in the main text, e.g., (Zizhi tongjian, 2.2a).

7. Dates, Numbers, and Biographical Information

• Biographical Dates: Upon the first mention of an important historical figure, provide their life dates in parentheses using Arabic numerals and Western years (e.g., Sima Qian 司馬遷 (145–86 BCE); Huang Zongxi 黃宗羲 (1610–1695)).
• 2. Numbers and Ranges: Spell out numbers one through one hundred. For page ranges, use an en-dash (–), not a hyphen, and abbreviate according to Chicago style (e.g., 3–10; 101–8; 110–13; 321–28).
• 3. Historical Years: Never abbreviate year sequences (e.g., write 1841–1845, not 1841–45). Always include the Western year in brackets or parentheses when providing a traditional reign year (e.g., the 26th year of the Sejong reign [1444]). Provide parenthetical metric equivalents for premodern weights and measures.

8. References (Bibliography)luu hai yen

• Division: Divide the bibliography into two sections: I. Primary Sources (傳統文獻) and II. Secondary Sources (近人論著). Include online sources at the end of the Secondary Sources section.
• Ordering: Order entries alphabetically by the author's surname (or by title if the author is unknown).
• Format: Use a 0.5-inch hanging indent. Reverse the author's name (Last Name, First Name). Replace the commas separating major elements in footnote citations with periods. Ensure full page ranges for articles and chapters are provided.

Example: I. Primary Sources Sima Guang 司馬光. Zizhi tongjian 資治通鑑. Southern Song Ezhou reprint of Northern Song Longzhao edition, ca. 12th century. Su Shi 蘇軾. Su Shi wenji 蘇軾文集. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1986.

II. Secondary Sources Fogel, Joshua A. "'Shanghai-Japan': The Japanese Residents' Association of Shanghai." Journal of Asian Studies 59, no. 4 (2000): 927–50. Lewis, Mark Edward. Writing and Authority in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. Zhuang Yazhou 莊雅州. Xia xiaozheng xilun 夏小正析論. Taipei: Wenshizhe chubanshe, 1985.