Chen Chia-ming

Abstract

Chih Hu, throughout his life, has followed two mentors, Nan-ye Ouyang and Hong-xian Luo, who showed different thoughts. The former recognized awareness and existence of conscience, whereas the latter emphasized the practice of convergence and retention of mind. This paper explores Chih Hu’s argumentation such as heavenly rule, spiritual awareness, all beings as unity, all beings created by mind and knowledge and rituals to recognize the mentor with similar thoughts. This paper suggests that Chih Hu’s spiritual awareness and philosophy of mind rarely reveal convergence model of tranquility school. However, he shows reflective awareness of the present. It is similar to “comprehension of ontology as practice”. In other words, he deviated from “comprehension of ontology by practice” of tranquility school and succeeded philosophy of conscience of Yang-ming Wang.

Keywords:Chih Hu, Hong-xian Luo, Nan-ye Ouyang, Yang-ming Wang, tranquility